On-orbit Thermal Design and Beam Pointing Error Impact Analysis of High Gain Antenna of Mars Orbiter
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摘要:梳理了火星环绕器2.5 m口径高增益天线在热设计、–195℃超低温环境适应性及热变形指向偏差评估分析与验证方面 存在的技术难点，开展了设计和验证工作。基于热设计状态对天线在轨工作过程中典型工况下的温度场和热变形分布进行了仿真分析，并研制了一套大口径反射面天线真空热变形测量系统，完成了热变形测试验证。基于热变形数据，采用半物理仿真分析方法对高增益天线热变形后的波束指向偏差进行了评估分析。结果表明，热变形导致的波束指向偏差最大为0.028°，增益损失不超过0.5 dB，指向偏差和增益损失均在设计裕度范围内。经在轨测试，天线增益指向性能测试值与预估值吻合，有效验证了天线热设计和验证方法的准确性。Abstract:The technical difficulties on thermal design, suitability under –195℃ ultra-low temperature condition, analysis and verification of beam pointing error caused by thermal distortion for high gain antenna of Mars orbiter were summarized, and relevant design and verification were completed. Based on thermal design state, the temperature field and thermal distortion of high gain antenna under typical working conditions during the operation on orbit were simulated and analyzed. A vacuum thermal distortion measurement system for large aperture reflector antenna was designed and developed. According to vacuum thermal distortion test data, the beam pointing error was evaluated by a hybrid simulation method. The results show that the maximum beam pointing error is 0.028°, and the gain loss is less than 0.5dB, both of which are within the design margin. The on-orbit test results confirm that the beam pointing performance is consistent with the evaluation, which effectively verifies the accuracy of the thermal design and verification method.Highlights
● Analysis of thermal design and simulation of deep space exploration antenna. ● Vacuum thermal distortion test under low and high temperatures for 2.5 m aperture reflector antenna. ● Analysis and on-orbit test of beam pointing error caused by thermal distortion for high gain antenna of Mars orbiter. ● Suitability analysis and verification under –195℃ ultralow temperature condition. -
图 10低温工况反射面天线实测形变分布图
Fig. 10Thermal distortion distribution of low temperature condition
图 11高增益天线在不同温度工况下的实测形面精度统计结果
Fig. 11Measured surface accuracy results of HGA under different temperature conditions
图 12低温工况热变形前后方向图仿真结果
Fig. 12Comparison simulation results of HGA’s radiation pattern under low temperature condition
表 1高增益天线射频性能分析结果统计表
Table 1Statistical simulation results of radio frequency performance of HGA
参数 接收通道
指标要求接收通道
设计值发射通道
指标要求发射通道
设计值轴向增益/dBi ≥42 42.78 ≥43.5 44.35 3 dB波束宽度/（°） ≥1.0 1.01 ≥0.86 0.86 极化方式 LHCP LHCP RHCP RHCP 3 dB波束内轴比/dB ≤1 0.62 ≤1 0.73 收发通道隔离度/dB ≥25 37.38 ≥25 40.82 驻波比 ≤1.5 1.18 ≤1.5 1.15 
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表 2热仿真分析统计结果
Table 2Thermal simulation statistical results
单位：℃ 工况 主反射面 副反
射面馈源
组件中心 上边沿 下边沿 左边沿 右边沿 低温 –106 –135 –130 –141 –135 –134 –65 高温 67 75 84 83 76 75 69 温度梯度 –29 –45 –34 –77 41 –65 –38 环火阴影超低温 –132 –173 –159 –195 –164 –166 –71 下载:
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表 3热变形仿真用主反射面材料参数
Table 3Material parameters of main reflector for simulation
材料 密度/
（kg·m–3）纵向模量/
GPa横向模量/
GPa纵横剪切模量/
GPa纵向
泊松比横向
泊松比纵向热膨胀系数/
℃–1横向热膨胀系数/
℃-1导热系数/
〔W·（m·K）–1〕碳纤维 1 660 126 11 5.5 0.28 0.40 –1.10 × 10–6 2.6 × 10–5 20 铝蜂窝 31 0.665 3 × 10–5 0.127 0.21 0.31 2.3 × 10–5 2.3 × 10–5 1.3 下载:
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表 4热变形仿真用铝合金材料参数
Table 4Material parameters of aluminum for simulation
材料 密度/（kg·m-3） 模量/ GPa 泊松比 热膨胀系数/℃–1 铝合金 2.7×103 71 0.33 2.3×10-5 下载:
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表 5热变形仿真统计结果
Table 5Simulation results of thermal distortion
单位：mm 工况 主反射面 副反 馈源
组件中心 上边沿 下边沿 左边沿 右边沿 低温 –0.19 –0.62 –0.61 1.20 1.17 –0.39 –0.17 高温 0.06 0.20 0.13 –0.42 –0.27 0.16 0.08 温度梯度 –0.12 –0.22 –0.23 0.75 –0.32 –0.25 0.12 环火阴影超低温 –0.27 –0.94 –0.81 1.59 1.38 –0.48 0.18 下载:
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表 6高增益天线反射面部件层片失效指数统计结果
Table 6Statistical failure index of HGA reflector components
工况 层片1 层片2 层片3 层片4 层片5 层片6 层片7 层片8 –140 ℃低温 0.429 0.491 0.440 0.492 0.440 0.443 0.443 0.436 –200 ℃低温 0.810 0.928 0.829 0.930 0.830 0.834 0.838 0.813 下载:
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表 7热变形测试温度统计结果
Table 7Statistical temperature results of thermal distortion measurement
单位：℃ 工况 主反射面 副反 中心 上边沿 下边沿 左边沿 右边沿 低温 –103 –139 –135 –143 –135 –136 高温 68 76 82 86 80 78 温度梯度 –31 –42 –36 –75 40 –62 下载:
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表 8热变形测试统计结果
Table 8Statistical results of thermal distortion measurement
单位：mm 工况 主反射面 副反 中心 上边沿 下边沿 左边沿 右边沿 低温 –0.33 –0.78 –0.72 1.51 1.32 –0.48 高温 0.10 0.13 0.12 –0.32 –0.21 0.22 温度梯度 –0.17 –0.28 –0.19 0.88 –0.39 –0.33 下载:
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表 9热变形仿真统计结果
Table 9Simulation results of thermal distortion
单位：mm 工况 主反射面 副反 馈源组件 中心 上边沿 下边沿 左边沿 右边沿 环火阴影超低温 –0.49 –1.07 –0.98 2.07 1.80 –0.69 –0.28 下载:
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表 10高增益天线热变形性能分析结果
Table 10Simulation results of HGA with thermal distortion
参数 接收通道 发射通道 指标
要求低温
仿真值高温
仿真值温度梯度
仿真值超低温
仿真值指标
要求低温
仿真值高温
仿真值温度梯度
仿真值超低温
仿真值轴向增益/dBi ≥42 42.46 42.49 42.42 42.28 ≥43.5 44.12 44.24 44.20 44.01 3 dB波束宽度/（°） ≥1.0 1.06 1.03 1.10 1.13 ≥0.86 0.89 0.86 0.92 0.93 3 dB波束内轴比/dB ≤1 0.73 0.62 0.65 0.78 ≤1 0.80 0.76 0.75 0.82 收发通道隔离度/dB ≥25 36.55 37.02 37.18 36.21 ≥25 38.56 39.79 40.12 37.86 驻波比/dB ≤1.5 1.21 1.19 1.20 1.21 ≤1.5 1.18 1.16 1.16 1.19 指向偏差/（°） ≤0.06 0.018 0.012 0.027 0.021 ≤0.06 0.019 0.014 0.028 0.023 下载:
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