Design and Verification of TT&C and Data Transmission Integrated System for Tianwen-1 Mars Orbiter
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摘要:针对“天问一号”火星环绕器最远距离四亿公里下的超远距离大动态通信难题,“天问一号”火星环绕器测控数传通信系统通过多天线波束赋形的测控数传一体化技术、多码率自适应收发处理技术、高灵敏度信号捕获技术、超高灵敏度下的电磁干扰抑制技术以及极低温下大口径天线高精度稳定指向技术,实现了对–156 dBm微弱信号的高灵敏度捕获以及大动态下的数据自适应收发,除天体遮挡外全过程100%对地通信链路覆盖和波束覆盖,最远4亿km处对地数传速率达1 Mbps。该项技术已经在“天问一号”火星探测任务中得到了考核和验证,可以为后续深空探测任务中测控数传通信系统的设计与在轨工作提供参考。Abstract:In view of China’s first interplanetary ultra long distance deep space exploration mission, the Tianwen-1 Mars probe is facing a large dynamic flight process from near earth to deep space and ultra long distance, and the realization of the whole process of TT&C and data transmission communication has become a key technology of the Tianwen-1 Mars exploration mission. The TT&C and data transmission communication system of Tianwen-1 Mars Orbiter realizes the high-sensitivity acquisition of –156dbm weak signals and the adaptive data transmission and reception under large dynamic conditions through the integrated TT&C and data transmission technology of multi antenna beam shaping, the multi bit rate adaptive transmission and reception processing technology, the high-sensitivity signal acquisition technology, the electromagnetic interference suppression technology under ultra-high sensitivity and the high-precision stable pointing technology of large aperture antenna under extremely low temperature, In addition to the celestial block, the whole process is 100% covered by the earth communication link and beam, and the data transmission rate to the earth is up to 1Mbps at the farthest 400 million kilometers. This technology has been examined and verified in the Tianwen-1 Mars exploration mission, and can provide reference for the design and on orbit work of the TT&C data transmission communication system in the subsequent deep space exploration mission.Highlights
● The Integrated TT&C and data transmission technology of multi antenna beam shaping, the multi bit rate adaptive transmission and reception processing technology. ● The high-sensitivity signal acquisition technology, the electromagnetic interference suppression technology under ultra-high sensitivity and the high-precision stable pointing technology of large aperture antenna under extremely low temperature. ● The TT&C and data transmission communication system of Tianwen-1 Mars orbiter realizes the high-sensitivity acquisition of – 156 dBm weak signals and the adaptive data transmission and reception. ● The data transmission rate to the Earth is up to 1Mbps at the farthest 400 million kilometers. -
表 1环绕器测控数传分系统工作模式
Table 1Working mode of TT&C and data transmission system
工作模式 阶段 说 明 发射段模式 发射段 模式A:低增益天线测控任务。
X频段下行射频信号经1 W固态放大器放大后输出。巡航初期模式 巡航段初期 模式B:低增益天线测控任务。
X频段下行射频信号经9 W固态放大器放大后输出。高增益收发模式 巡航段及环火段 模式C:高增益天线测控任务。
X频段下行射频信号经100 W行波管放大器放大后输出。低增益接收、中增益发射模式 变轨及环火捕获 模式D:采用低增益接收、中增益发射天线测控任务。
X频段下行射频信号经100 W行波管放大器放大后输出。低增益接收模式 日凌和火星遮挡 模式E:采用低增益天线完成测控上行任务。 低增益接收、低增益发射模式 巡航段及环火段 模式F:采用低增益接收、低增益发射天线测控任务。
X频段下行射频信号经100 W行波管放大器放大后输出。表 2环绕器对地通信多普勒频率变化
Table 2The Change of Doppler frequency
阶段 项目 范围 地火转移 相对速度/(km·s–1) –1.57~22.41 相对加速度/(km·s–2) –0.000 519 97~0.02 多普勒频率/kHz –37.85~537.09 多普勒频率变化率/(Hz·s–1) –12.46~539.25 环火运行 相对速度/(km·s–1) –12.551~ 19.60 相对加速度/(km·s–2) –0.001 2~0.003 1 多普勒频率/kHz –300.80~ 469.95 多普勒频率变化率/(Hz·s–1) –28.76~74.30 表 3测控船接力时间
Table 3Relay time of TT&C ship
测控船 跟踪时间 结束时间 远望六号 7月23日12:48:49 7月23日12:54:14 远望五号 7月23日13:08:47 7月23日13:13:04 远望七号 7月23日13:13:14 7月23日13:19:41 表 4各深空站工作时间
Table 4Working time of each deep space station
测控站 锁定时间 电平 /dBm 喀什 2020-7-24 12:01至2020-7-24 13:24 –92 阿根廷 2020-7-24 13:26至2020-7-24 21:26 –103 佳木斯 2020-7-24 13:49至2020-7-25 10:03 –92~–95 -
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