Tianwen-1 Radio Occultation Observation Experiment and Feature Analysis
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摘要:中国“天问一号”探测器环火飞行为星–地火星无线电掩星观测提供了必要条件，可有效支持火星大气、电离层反演探测。重点介绍国内首次基于“天问一号”的火星无线电掩星观测试验。利用“天问一号”预报轨道，预报地面深空站掩星观测弧段；组织深空站，对“天问一号”进行火星入掩全过程观测，采集与记录探测器原始下行信号；利用自研深空开环测量软件，对“天问一号”下行信号进行处理分析，提取火星无线电掩星特征。结果表明：信号中幅度衍射斑纹与频率翘尾特征被成功提取，印证了此次星–地火星无线电掩星事件被有效观测，为后续基于“天问一号”的火星大气探测科学研究，积累了重要技术经验与测量数据。Abstract:China’s Tianwen-1 probe orbiting Mars provides necessary conditions for Mars-to-Earth Mars radio occultation observation, and can effectively support the exploration of Mars atmosphere and ionosphere retrieval. In this paper, the first domestic Mars radio occultation observation experiment based on Tianwen-1 was introduced. Firstly, Tianwen-1 was used to forecast the orbit and the occultation observation arc of the ground deep space station. Then, deep space stations were organized to observe the entire process of Tianwen-1 Mars occultation, and the original downlink signals of the probe were sampled and recorded. Finally, the self-developed deep space open-loop measurement software was used to process and analyze the downlink signals of Tianwen-1, to extract the radio occultation features of Mars. The results show that the amplitude diffraction speckles and frequency warping features in the signal were successfully extracted, which confirms that the Mars-to-Earth Mars radio occultation event has been effectively observed, and important technical experience and measurement data have been accumulated for subsequent scientific research on Mars atmospheric exploration based on Tianwen-1.Highlights
● The first successful observation experiment of the probe-Earth Mars radio occultation based on Tianwen-1 has been implemented. ● The amplitude diffraction speckles and frequency warped-tail features in radio occultation procedure have been effectively extracted from received Tianwen-1 signal. ● This observation experiment pride the first-hand and precious measurement data for the scientific research on Mars atmosphere. -
图 1火星探测器相对于地面测站的观测构型
Fig. 1Observation configuration between Mars probe and ground station
图 2火星无线电掩星观测示意图
注：ɑ为火星大气折射角。
Fig. 2Schematic diagram of Mars radio occultation observation
图 3“天问一号”未发生掩星时下行信号频谱
Fig. 3Downlink signal FFT spectrum of Tianwen-1 under normal conditions
图 4KS01“天问一号”开环测速与基带测速主载波频率
Fig. 4Carrier frequencies of open-loop and baseband velocity on KS01 station
图 5KS01的“天问一号”开环测速与基带测速主载波频率残差
Fig. 5Carrier frequency residuals of open-loop and baseband velocity on KS01 station
图 6开环测速与及基带测速主载波频率一致性比对
Fig. 6Carrier frequency comparison of open-loop and baseband velocity
图 7“天问一号”掩星过程中下行信号频谱
Fig. 7Downlink signal FFT spectrum of Tianwen-1 in occultation procedure
图 8JM01掩星阶段的信号主载波频率拟合残差
Fig. 8Carrier frequency residuals of JM01 station in occultation procedure
图 9JM01掩星最后阶段的信号自功率谱
Fig. 9Signal power spectrum of JM01 station in final occultation procedure
图 11KS01掩星阶段的信号主载波频率拟合残差
Fig. 11Carrier frequency residuals of KS01 station in occultation procedure
图 12KS01深空站掩星最后阶段的信号自功率谱
Fig. 12Signal power spectrum of KS01 station in final occultation procedure
表 1JM01深空站的火星掩星预报时刻（北京时）
Table 1Predicted time of Mars occultation on JM01 station
编号 JM01深空站 入掩时刻（时:分:秒） 出掩时刻（时:分:秒） 1 09:17:17.27 09:58:32.03 2 17:31:48.09 18:09:19.18 
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表 2KS01深空站的火星掩星预报时刻（北京时）
Table 2Predicted time of Mars occultation on KS01 station
编号 KS01深空站 入掩时刻（时:分:秒） 出掩时刻（时:分:秒） 1 09:17:17.43 09:58:31.94 2 17:31:48.28 18:09:19.14 下载:
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