小行星防御动能撞击效果评估

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2017.01.008

清华大学航天航空学院, 北京 100084

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（11572166）

Evaluation of Effects of Kinetic Impact Deflection on Hazardous Asteroids

School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

摘要:以动能撞击防御潜在威胁小行星概念为背景，采用物质点法（Material Point Method，MPM）模拟了铝弹高速撞击S型小行星的过程，将撞击结果导入引力N体-离散元动力学模型中，对其后续演化过程进行仿真，并分析了撞击后碎片对地球的威胁指数。结果显示小行星在高速撞击的作用下部分破碎，大量碎片以与撞击方向相反的速度向外喷射，从而提升了小行星的撞击偏移效果。研究采用了两种不同结构的小行星模型：完整结构（monolithic structure）的小行星在遭受撞击后会喷射出比原小行星小得多的碎片，而碎石堆结构（rubble-pile structure）的小行星在撞击作用下可分裂成大小和速度分布较为均匀的碎片。威胁指数的分析表明动能撞击方式确实有效减小了小行星的威胁程度，撞击后的最大剩余碎片可被成功偏移至安全轨道，但仍有部分碎片会与地球相撞。与完整结构相比，针对碎石堆结构小行星的撞击防御的总体效果更好，次生灾害主要为大质量碎片的撞击。研究方法可用于未来开展防御小行星的动能撞击任务的撞击条件选择和撞击结果预估。
- 小行星防御/
- 高速撞击/
- 物质点法/
- 引力N体方法
Abstract:The kinetic impact deflection would result in a number of unexpected hazardous fragments. For this reason, understanding the outcomes of impact is fundamental to assess the effects of this mitigation technique. The process of hyper-velocity impact of a small artificial aluminum projectile on an S-type asteroid is investigated with the material point method(MPM). In order to evaluate the impact threat of the resulting fragments posed to the Earth, the impact outcomes are transferred to the heliocentric orbit of a hazardous asteroid. A parallel N-body code is applied to propagate the evolution of these fragments in the solar system. The impact hazard of the fragments on the Earth is analyzed and the role of asteroid interior structures is explored. The results show that the structure of the simulated body is partially destroyed by the kinetic impactor. Some of the resulting fragments move backward along the impact direction, enhancing the deflection efficiency. Furthermore, the collision outcomes proved to be very dependent on the internal structure of the asteroid. The fragments produced from the monolithic target are much smaller than those from the rubble-pile one, while the size and speed distribution of fragments in the former case is steeper and smaller. The hazard assessment implies that although the impact damage to the Earth is reduced from the deflection, there are still a number of small resulting fragments posing threat to the Earth. The expected damage caused by the deflected monolithic target is larger than the rubble-pile target because of the exist of numerous small dangerous fragments. The method presented in this study can be used to infer the impact condition and outcomes in future planetary defense missions.
- asteroids deflection/
- hyper-speed impact process/
- material point methods/
- N-body simulation

[1]	Perna D,Barucci M A,Fulchignoni M. The near-Earth objects and their potential threat to our planet[J]. The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review,2013,21(1):1-28.
[2]	Carusi A,Gehrels T,Helin E F,et al. Near-Earth objects:present search programs[M]. Gehrels T. Hazards Due to Comets and Astroids. Tucson:Univ. of Arizona,1994:127-147.
[3]	Larson S,Spahr T,Brownlee J,et al. The Catalina sky survey and southern hemisphere NEO survey[C]//Proceedings of the 1999 AMOS Technical Conference. kihei,HI:[s. n.],1999:182-186.
[4]	Stokes G H,Evans J B,Viggh E M,et al. Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Program (LINEAR)[J]. Icarus,2000,148:21-28.
[5]	Mainzer A,Grav T,Bauer J,et al. NEOWISE observations of near-Earth objects:preliminary results[J]. The Astrophysical Journal,2011,743(2):156-172.
[6]	Giorgini J D,Benner L A,Ostro S J,et al. Predicting the Earth encounters of (99942) Apophis[J]. Icarus,2008,193(1):1-19.
[7]	马鹏斌,宝音贺西. 近地小行星威胁与防御研究现状[J]. 深空探测学报,2016,3(1):10-17. Ma P B,Baoyin H X. Research status of the near-Earth asteroids's hazard and mitigation[J]. Journal of Deep Space Exploration,2016,3(1):10-17.
[8]	Rogers G,Izenberg N. Comparison of the efficiency of various asteroid hazard mitigation techniques[R]. Vail,Colorado:NASA NEO Workshop,2006:26-28.
[9]	Sanchez P,Colombo C,Vasile M,et al. Multicriteria comparison among several mitigation strategies for dangerous near-Earth objects[J]. Journal of Guidance,Control,and Dynamics,2009,32(1):121-142.
[10]	Richardson D C,Leinhardt Z M,Melosh H J,et al. Gravitational aggregates:evidence and evolution[M]. Bottke Jr W F,Cellino A,Paolicchi P,et al. Asteroids Ⅲ. Tucson,AZ:Univ. Arizona Press,2002:501-515.
[11]	Benavidez P G,Durda D D,Enke B L,et al. A comparison between rubble-pile and monolithic targets in impact simulations:application to asteroid satellites and family size distributions[J]. Icarus,2012,219(1):57-76.
[12]	Asphaug E,Ostro S J,Hudson R S,et al. Disruption of kilometre-sized asteroids by energetic collisions[J]. Nature,1998,393(6684):437-440.
[13]	Michel P,Benz W,Richardson D C. Disruption of fragmented parent bodies as the origin of asteroid families[J]. Nature,2003,421(6923):608-611.
[14]	Flynn G J,Durda D D,Patmore E B,et al. Hypervelocity cratering and disruption of porous pumice targets:Implications for crater production,catastrophic disruption,and momentum transfer on porous asteroids[J]. Planetary and Space Science,2015,107:64-76.
[15]	Okamoto T,Nakamura A M,Hasegawa S. Impact experiments on highly porous targets:cavity morphology and disruption thresholds in the strength regime[J]. Planetary and Space Science,2015,107:36-44.
[16]	张雄,廉艳平,刘岩,等. 物质点法[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[17]	Liu P,Liu Y,Zhang X,et al. Investigation on high-velocity impact of micron particles using material point method[J]. Beijing:International Journal of Impact Engineering,2015,75:241-254.
[18]	Liu P,Liu Y,Zhang X. Simulation of hyper-velocity impact on double honeycomb sandwich panel and its staggered improvement with internal-structure model[J]. International journal of mechanics and materials in design,2016,12(2):241-254.
[19]	Ma S,Zhang X,Qiu X M. Comparison study of MPM and SPH in modeling hypervelocity impact problems[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering,2009,36:272-282.
[20]	Huang P,Zhang X,Ma S,et al. Shared memory OpenMP parallelization of explicit MPM and its application to hypervelocity impact[J]. CMES:Computer Modelling in Engineering & Sciences,38(2):119-148,2008.
[21]	Holmquist T J,Johnson G R,Cook W H. A computational constitutive model for concrete subjected to large strains,high strain rates,and high pressures[C]//The 14th International Symposium on Ballistics. Quebec,Canada:[s.n.],1993.
[22]	Zhang Y,Baoyin H,Li J,et al. Effects of orbital ellipticity on collisional disruptions of rubble-pile asteroids[J]. Astrophysics and Space Science,2015,360(1):1-16.
[23]	Chapman C R. The hazard of near-Earth asteroid impacts on Earth[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,222(1):1-15.
[24]	Collins G S,Melosh H J,Marcus R A. Earth impact effects program:a web-based computer program for calculating the regional environmental consequences of a meteoroid impact on Earth[J]. Meteoritics & Planetary Science,2005,40(6):817-840.

[1]	崔书豪, 王悦, 张瑞康.双小行星系统不规则引力场中的共振轨道动力学研究. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2022, 9(4): 382-390.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2022.20220024
[2]	倪阳, 泮斌峰.小行星多面体模型的深度神经网络近似. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2022, 9(4): 1-8.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2022. 20200074
[3]	黄翔宇, 徐超, 胡荣海, 郭敏文.小行星动能撞击自主导航与制导方法研究. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2022, 9(4): 438-446.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2022.20220054
[4]	葛丹桐, 朱圣英.小行星复杂形貌自适应附着轨迹动态规划方法. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2021, 8(2): 132-139.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2021.20200072
[5]	郑惠欣, 彭玉明, 王伟, 谢攀, 陆希, 李海洋, 陈晓.深空高速撞击的变系数末制导律设计方法. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2021, 8(5): 511-518.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2021.20200095
[6]	孙海彬, 孙胜利.近地小行星观测技术分析. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2020, 7(2): 197-205.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2020.20180314001
[7]	谭立英, 孙征虎.深空月地激光高速信息传输技术. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2019, 6(6): 515-522.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2019.06.001
[8]	丹尼尔T.布瑞特.小行星与陨石的光谱联系. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2019, 6(5): 437-447.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2019.05.004
[9]	张荣桥, 黄江川, 赫荣伟, 耿言, 孟林智.小行星探测发展综述. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2019, 6(5): 417-423,455.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2019.05.002
[10]	杜燕茹, 李翔宇, 韩宏伟, 乔栋.双体小行星系统平衡态与稳定性研究. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2019, 6(5): 456-462.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2019.05.006
[11]	邱成波, 孙煜坤, 王亚敏, 蒋峻, 陈昕.近地小行星采矿与防御计划发展现状. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2019, 6(1): 63-72.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2019.01.010
[12]	张迅与, 徐天奕, 李翠.冯·卡门撞击坑物质成分研究. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2018, 5(1): 66-70.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2018.01.009
[13]	步士超, 王宇凯, 李文丹, 李爽, 牛升达.双小行星系统引力场建模方法研究. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2017, 4(5): 477-484.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2017.05.010
[14]	刘雪奇, 孙海彬, 孙胜利.近地小行星防御策略分析. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2017, 4(6): 557-563.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2017.06.009
[15]	姜宇, 程彬, 宝音贺西, 李恒年.潜在威胁小行星碰撞防御的计算与分析. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2017, 4(2): 190-195.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2017.02.014
[16]	马鹏斌, 宝音贺西.近地小行星威胁与防御研究现状. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2016, 3(1): 10-17.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2016.01.002
[17]	杨墨, 龚胜平.一种利用非均质多面体模型确定小行星附近引力场的方法. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2016, 3(1): 34-40.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2016.01.005
[18]	周必磊, 陆希, 尤伟.载人小行星探测的总体方案设想. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2015, 2(1): 43-47.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2015.01.006
[19]	王茜茜, 谢慕君, 李元春.基于模糊参数优化的小行星软着陆控制方法研究. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2015, 2(2): 162-167.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2015.02.010
[20]	姜宇, 张韵, 任兆欣, 宝音贺西, 李恒年.三小行星系统216 Kleopatra引力场中的动力学. 深空探测学报(中英文）, 2015, 2(4): 352-357.doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2015.04.009

点击查看大图

计量

文章访问数:2671
HTML全文浏览量:116
PDF下载量:1544
被引次数:0

留言板

小行星防御动能撞击效果评估

doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2017.01.008

Evaluation of Effects of Kinetic Impact Deflection on Hazardous Asteroids

计量

小行星防御动能撞击效果评估

doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2017.01.008

清华大学航天航空学院, 北京 100084

English Abstract

Evaluation of Effects of Kinetic Impact Deflection on Hazardous Asteroids

School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

全文HTML

目录

留言板

小行星防御动能撞击效果评估

doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2017.01.008

Evaluation of Effects of Kinetic Impact Deflection on Hazardous Asteroids

计量

出版历程

小行星防御动能撞击效果评估

doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2017.01.008

清华大学 航天航空学院, 北京 100084

English Abstract

Evaluation of Effects of Kinetic Impact Deflection on Hazardous Asteroids

School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

全文HTML

目录

清华大学航天航空学院, 北京 100084