Spectroscopic Study of Aqueous Alteration of Asteroids Based on Carbonaceous Chondrites
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摘要:针对未来对富挥发份小行星的遥感探测需求，开展了对碳质球粒陨石水蚀变的光谱学研究。分析了15个不同蚀变程度的碳质球粒陨石的1~20 μm红外光谱特征与岩石学性质，总结了水蚀变过程的光谱变异规律。结果表明：随着蚀变程度加深，指示层状硅酸盐与水分子的3 μm吸收带与仅指示水分子的6 μm吸收带的强度均加深，吸收中心均向短波方向移动。碳质球粒陨石的3 μm吸收带随蚀变程度增加而变得尖锐，吸收带光谱形态与蛇纹石类矿物的3 μm吸收特征类似，而6 μm吸收带形态随蚀变程度增加无明显变化。硅酸盐矿物在9~13 μm特征区的光谱形状也随蚀变程度增加而改变，12.4 μm/11.4 μm反射率比值减小，这是由于无水硅酸盐转化为层状硅酸盐。光谱变异规律未来可应用于小行星探测。Abstract:The aqueous alteration spectral features of carbonaceous chondrites for were studied for future volatile-rich asteroids exploration and remote sensing. The 1-20 μm infrared spectral features and petrographic characteristics of 15 carbonaceous chondrites with different alteration degrees were analyzed, and the spectral variation laws of the aqueous alteration were summarized. The findings demonstrate that as the degree of alteration of carbonaceous chondrites increases, the 3 μm absorption band, which indicates phyllosilicates and water molecules, and the 6 μm absorption band, which indicates only water molecules, both features increasing in strength and absorption centers shift to the short-wave. With more alteration, the 3 μm absorption band sharpens and resembles serpentine’s 3 μm absorption feature. However, as the degree of alteration increases, the 6 μm absorption band shape does not significantly change. The degree of alteration also affects the spectral shape of the 10-13 μm region. This region indicates silicate features. The 12.4 μm /11.4 μm reflectance ratio reduces as a result of the conversion of anhydrous silicates to phyllosilicates. Also discuss possible effects that the spectra and parameters discovered during this study may have on the outcomes from asteroids.
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Key words:
- asteroid/
- spectrum/
- spectroscopy/
- mineralogy
Highlights• Analysis of the NIR-MIR spectral variation laws of aqueous alteration. • A series of carbonaceous chondrites reflecting the sequence of the degree of aqueous alteration were selected for spectroscopic study. • Revealed the connection between spectral features variations and petrological characteristics. -
图 1碳质球粒陨石在0.5~4.5 μm的反射光谱
Fig. 1Reflectance spectra of carbonaceous chondrites in 0.5-4.5 μm
图 2碳质球粒陨石在5~20 μm的反射光谱
Fig. 2Reflectance spectra of Carbonaceous chondrites in 5-20 μm
图 3碳质球粒陨石的3 μm吸收带的连续统去除光谱
Fig. 3Continuum removal spectra of carbonaceous chondrites at 3 µm band
图 43 μm吸收特征与蚀变程度的关系
Fig. 4(A)The relationship between the 3 µm band center and 3 μm band depth of all carbonaceous chondrites
图 5碳质球粒陨石6 μm吸收带的连续统去除光谱
Fig. 5Continuum removal spectra of carbonaceous chondrites at 6 µm band
图 66 μm带特征与蚀变程度的关系
Fig. 6(left)The relationship between the 6µm band center and 6 μm band depth of all carbonaceous chondrites
图 7CI1、CM1、CM2、CR2、C2与CO3陨石在9~14 μm的光谱
Fig. 7The reflectance spectra of CI1, CM1, CM2, CR2, C2 and CO3 chondrites in the 9-14 μm
图 8CI1、CM1、CM2、CR2、C2与CO3陨石在12.4 μm/11.4 μm反射率比值与岩石学类型的关系
Fig. 8The relationship between the CI1, CM1, CM2, CR2, C2 and CO3 chondrites petrological type and 12.4 μm/11.4 μm reflectance ratio
图 9CM2陨石中3 μm带中心位置与绿锥石在层状硅酸盐中占比的关系
Fig. 9The relationship between the 3 μm band center and Fe-cronstedtite abundance in phyllosilicate in CM2 chondrites
图 10小行星Ryugu、Bennu的3 μm特征与陨石的3 μm特征的对比
Fig. 10Comparison of the 3 μm features of asteroids Ryugu and Bennu with carbonaceous chondrites
表 1本研究所用碳质球粒陨石数据的信息
Table 1Carbonaceous chondrite researched in this study
陨石名称 陨石群与岩石学
类型发现类型 光谱测量范围/
μm2 μm处
反射率Alais CI1 降落型 0.83~99.72 0.073 70 Orgueil CI1 降落型 1.43~25.05 0.068 85 Ivuna CI1 降落型 0.83~99.72 0.043 05 Moapa Valley CM1 发现型 0.83~99.72 0.033 08 QUE97077 CM2（2.6） 发现型 0.32~25.05 0.071 43 Murchison CM2（2.5） 降落型 0.32~25.05 0.053 27 Murray CM2（2.4） 降落型 0.32~25.05 0.103 55 Nogoya CM2（2.2） 降落型 0.32~25.05 0.067 77 Mighei CM2 降落型 0.32~25.05 0.064 53 Cold Bokkeveld CM2（2.2） 降落型 0.32~25.05 0.062 67 Al Rais CR2 降落型 0.83~99.72 0.049 26 ALHA77307 CO3 发现型 0.83~99.72 0.056 58 Allende CV3 降落型 0.83~99.72 0.070 53 EET92002 CK4 发现型 0.9~24.923 0.030 01 Tagish Lake C2（未分类） 降落型 1.43~25.05 0.026 12 注：陨石信息来源于国际陨石协会。 
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表 2控制3 μm带中心位置变化的因素
Table 2Factors controlling the variation of the 3 μm band center
3 μm带中心
位置/μm产生吸收的物质 蚀变程度 代表性陨石类型 2.72 蛇纹石 完全蚀变 CI1、CM1 2.72~2.85 蛇纹石与绿锥石 不完全蚀变 CM2 > 2.85 矿物结合水、层间水、水铁矿、铁氧化物 少量蚀变、未蚀变 CO3 3.0~3.1 水冰混合物、有机物 未知 小行星上观测 下载:
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