Thermodynamic Modeling and Analysis of Aviation Servo Actuator with Return Oil Cooling Structure
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摘要:航空矢量喷管作动器受发动机热辐射的影响严重，常采用回油冷却方式进行作动器及其部件的温度控制. 考虑发动机与伺服阀控作动器的对流、辐射以及作动器各部件之间的传热过程，建立真实工况下基于集总参数法的矢量喷管作动器热力学模型，取得了活塞在中位附近以及往复运动时作动器各部件的温度分布规律及其影响因素. 分析结果表明：活塞在中位附近时，油液流过冷却流道通过热传导作用带走热量，冷却效果显著. 活塞往复运动时，油液不断进出有杆腔和无杆腔，各节点温度达到稳定波动状态，较中位附近时的热平衡温度均有所降低. 作动器各节点温度随机闸辐射温度、环境温度和油液温度升高均升高，其中发动机机闸的辐射温度影响最为明显. 缸筒直接受机闸热辐射作用，某机闸温度从300 °C升至400 °C时，左、右两侧缸筒温度升高约40 °C. 通过对流换热作用，随环境温度、油液温度的升高作动器各节点的温度线性升高.Abstract:Aviation vector nozzle actuators are seriously affected by the heat radiation of the engine, thus, the oil return cooling method is often used to control the temperature of the actuator components. Considering the convection and radiation between the engine and the servo valve actuator, and the heat transfer process of each component of the actuator, a thermodynamic model of the vector nozzle actuator was established based on the lumped parameter method under real working conditions. The model was used to analyze and obtain the temperature distribution law and its influencing factors of each component of the actuator during the piston in neutral position and reciprocate. The analysis results show that when the piston is in near the neutral position, the oil flow passes the cooling channel, taking away heat through heat conduction, getting better cooling effect. When the piston reciprocates, the oil continuously enters and exits the rod cavity and the rodless cavity, and the temperature of each node can reach a stable fluctuation state and be lower than the thermal equilibrium temperature of the neutral position. The temperature of each node of the actuator increases with the increase of the radiation temperature, ambient temperature and oil temperature, among which the radiation temperature of the engine brake has the most obvious influence. The cylinder barrel is directly affected by the thermal radiation of the brake. When the temperature of the brake rises from 300 °C to 400 °C, the temperature of the cylinder barrel on the left and right sides can increase by about 40 °C. Through convective heat transfer, the temperature of each node of the actuator can increase linearly with the increase of ambient temperature and oil temperature.
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图 1某型伺服作动器结构示意图
1-作动器缸筒；2-传感器定子；3-活塞杆外筒；4-环形缝隙1；5-环形缝隙2；6-活塞杆内筒；7-传感器动子
Figure 1.Structural diagram of a certain type of servo actuator
图 2伺服阀控作动器结构原理示意图
Figure 2.Simplified structure diagram of servo valve control actuator
图 3有冷却时运动到中位作动器各个节点温度
Figure 3.The temperature of each node when the moving piston is in the middle position of the actuator with cooling structure
图 4有冷却时往复运动作动器各个节点温度
Figure 4.The temperature of each node of the reciprocating actuator with cooling structure
图 5不同辐射温度下作动器热平衡温度
Figure 5.Thermal equilibrium temperature of actuator under different radiation temperatures
图 6不同环境温度下作动器热平衡温度
Figure 6.Thermal equilibrium temperature of actuator under different ambient temperatures
图 7不同油液温度下作动器热平衡温度
Figure 7.Thermal equilibrium temperature of actuator under different oil temperatures
表 1伺服阀控作动器主要结构参数及数学表达式
Table 1.Main structural parameters and mathematical expressions of servo valve controlled actuator
作动器主要结构参数 数学表达式 无杆腔油液体积$ {V}_{1} $ $ {V}_{1}=\left(x+{x}_{10}\right)\cdot {A}_{1} $ 有杆腔油液体积$ {V}_{2} $ $ {V}_{2}=\left(L-x-{x}_{10}\right)\cdot {A}_{2} $ 无杆腔油液质量$ {m}_{1} $ $ {m}_{1}={V}_{1}\cdot \rho $ 有杆腔油液质量$ {m}_{2} $ $ {m}_{2}={V}_{2}\cdot \rho $ 左侧缸筒质量$ {m}_{\mathrm{t}1} $ ${m}_{\mathrm{t}1}=\dfrac{\pi { {r}_{1} }^{2}+2\pi {r}_{1}x}{2\pi { {r}_{1} }^{2}+2\pi {r}_{1}L}{m}_{\mathrm{t} }$ 右侧缸筒质量$ {m}_{\mathrm{t}2} $ $ {m}_{\mathrm{t}2}={m}_{\mathrm{t}}-{m}_{\mathrm{t}1} $ 无杆腔油液与左侧
缸筒接触面积$ {A}_{1-\mathrm{t}1} $$ {A}_{1-\mathrm{t}1}=\pi \left({{r}_{1}}^{2}-{{r}_{3}}^{2}\right)+2\pi {r}_{1}x $ 有杆腔油液与右侧缸
筒的接触面积$ {A}_{2-\mathrm{t}2} $$ {A}_{2-\mathrm{t}2}=\pi \left({{r}_{1}}^{2}-{{r}_{2}}^{2}\right)+2\pi {r}_{1}\left(L-x\right) $ 无杆腔与传感器
接触面积$ {A}_{1-c} $$ {A}_{1-\mathrm{c}}=2\pi {r}_{2}{L}_{\mathrm{c}} $ 有杆腔与活塞杆
接触面积$ {A}_{2-\mathrm{h}} $$ \begin{gathered} {A}_{\text{2-h}}=2\pi \left({R}_{\mathrm{h}1}+{R}_{\mathrm{h}2}+{R}_{\mathrm{h}3}\right){L}_{\mathrm{h}1}+\\ 2\pi {R}_{\mathrm{h}3}\left({L}_{\mathrm{h} }-{L}_{\mathrm{h}1}\right)+\pi { {R}_{\mathrm{h}3} }^{2} \end{gathered} $ 左侧缸筒与空气
接触面积$ {A}_{\mathrm{t}1-\mathrm{k}} $$\begin{gathered} {A}_{\mathrm{t}1-\mathrm{k} }=\pi {\left({r}_{1}+2\delta \right)}^{2}+\\2\pi \left({r}_{1}+2\delta \right)\left(x+{x}_{10}\right) \end{gathered}$ 右侧缸筒与空气
接触面积$ {A}_{\mathrm{t}2-\mathrm{k}} $$\begin{gathered}{A}_{\mathrm{t}2-\mathrm{k} }=\pi {\left({r}_{1}+2\delta \right)}^{2}+\\2\pi \left({r}_{1}+2\delta \right)\left(L-x-{x}_{10}\right) \end{gathered}$ 活塞杆与空气
接触面积$ {A}_{\mathrm{h}-\mathrm{k}} $$ {A}_{\mathrm{h}-\mathrm{k}}=2\pi {r}_{3}\left({x}_{0}+x\right)+\pi {{r}_{3}}^{2} $ 
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表 2伺服阀控作动器主要结构参数
Table 2.The main structural parameters of servo valve controlled actuator
参数 符号 数值 参数 符号 数值 缸筒半径/m r1 4×10−2 油液黏度/(N·s·m−2) μ 1.14×10−3 传感器半径/m r2 1.2×10−2 缸筒质量热容/(J·Kg−1·K−1) cpt 620 活塞杆半径/m r3 2.05×10−2 传感器质量热容/(J·Kg−1·K−1) cpc 450 冷却孔直径/m d0 0.4×10−3 活塞杆质量热容/(J·Kg−1·K−1) cph 620 油液密度/(kg·m−3) ρ 778.0 流量系数 Cd 0.61 供油压力/ MPa ps 10.0 油液体积膨胀系数 $ {\alpha }_{\text{p}} $ 9×10−4 回油压力/ MPa p0 0.0 缸筒发射率 ε1 0.8 下载:
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表 3活塞运动到中位附近作动器各节点温度
Table 3.The temperature of each node of actuator near the middle position
°C 结构 左侧缸筒 右侧缸筒 无杆腔 有杆腔 传感器 活塞杆 有冷却 121.17 134.52 70.90 86.21 70.90 84.03 无冷却 353.00 353.00 352.97 352.98 352.95 352.98 下载:
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表 4作动器各部件温度范围
Table 4.Temperature range of actuator components
°C 结构 传感器定子 传感器动子 活塞杆外筒 活塞杆内筒 缸筒 无冷却 248~250 248~250 248~250 248~250 248~250 有冷却 142~149 143~160 143~168 142~143 142~186 下载:
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