On the Relationship of Zhuzi Doctrine and Monism Tendency of Confucianism in Japan in Recent Centuries
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摘要:儒学自传入日本后一直从属于神道或佛教思想，没有获得独立的地位。至江户时代，朱子学才因其思想本身固有的政治功用性而得到德川幕府的扶持，在江户日本迅速兴起并形成了诸多派别。同一时期日本还出现了阳明学、古学等与朱子学对抗的思潮。日本的朱子学各派在本体论上大都继承了朱熹"理先气后"的"主理"倾向，而反朱子学则或是坚持"气一元"论或是坚持以"心"为本体的哲学立场。整体来看，日本近世儒学各派在本体论思想上都体现了继承自宋明理学中源自佛、道的重视整体、具有内在超越性的一元论倾向。这一特征在之后的明治时期同德国观念论结合在一起形成了日本哲学的唯心主义传统。Abstract:Confucianism has been subordinate to the Shinto or Buddhism thoughts since it was introduced to Japan, without gaining an independent position. It was not until the Edo period that Zhuzi Doctrine got supported by the Tokugawa shogunate due to its inherent political functionality and quickly emerged and broke up into several schools in the Edo period of Japan. In the same period, other thought trends, such as Yangming Doctrine, Kogaku, which rivaled Zhuzi Doctrine, also rose in Japan. The ontology of different schools pertaining to Zhuzi Doctrine generally carries on the tendency of Zhu Xi's "essential idea" of "reason first and then the Qi". While the counter-Zhuzi Doctrine insists on the "Qi-monism" theory or the philosophical stand that the mind is the ontology. Generally, in recent centuries, the ontology thoughts of different schools of Confucianism in Japan reflect the monism tendency of attaching importance to the whole and having innate transcendence, which is inherited from the Confucianism in the Song and the Ming Dynasty. In the later Meiji period, this feature, in combination with German idealism, formed the idealism tradition in Japanese philosophy.
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Key words:
- Zhuzi doctrine/
- confucianism in Japan/
- Yangming doctrine/
- kogaku/
- ontology/
- monism
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