汉语动词“遮”掩饰义的产生及其词义系统的演变
The Origin of the “Conceal” Meaning of the Chinese Verb “Zhe” and the Evolvement of its Glosseme System
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摘要:魏晋时动词“遮”由对物体位移的阻拦扩大为空间上对光线等的遮蔽,遮蔽义继而在唐代又引申出对事件进行隐瞒的掩饰义。语境的转换凸显了“遮”不同的概念要素,从而诱发新义。“遮”的遮蔽义宋元时已取代拦截义而在该词的词义系统中占主导地位,这与“遮”在“拦截”概念场中的败落时代上基本相当,反映了词汇的词义系统对概念场成员演变的影响。比较汉语和其它语言“拦截”概念的语义地图,可以假设“某词同时有拦截义、掩饰义蕴含该词有遮蔽义”。今人有将作掩饰义讲的“遮”释为“用贿赂去请托”的,忽视了“遮”本身的语义特征。Abstract:During the Wei and Jin Dynasty, the meaning of the verb Zhe was enlarged to“screen the light” in the sense of space, which means “cover up an object”, from the original meaning of “block between objects”. In the Tang Dynasty,the meaning of Zhe was extended again from “cover” to “conceal”. The change of context highlights the different conceptual elements of Zhe, because of which, new meanings come into being. During the Song and Yuan Dynasty, the“cover” meaning of Zhe replaced its “block” meaning and took the dominant role in its glosseme system, and this is consistent with the age that Zhe was falling into decline in “Lanjie” conceptual field and all of which can reflect the effect of the glosseme system in the diachronic evolvement of the conceptual field. Comparing the semantic map of“Lanjie” conceptual field between Chinese and others, we can hypothesize that“one word has the meanings of‘block' and‘conceal', it entails the meaning of‘cover'.” In the present studies, the“conceal” meaning of Zhe is explained as “plea with bribery”, which inevitably ignores the semantic features of Zhe.
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Key words:
- Zhe/
- the “conceal” meaning/
- the glosseme system/
- the semantic map
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