摘要:外空活动具有创新性、战略性和高风险性等特点,客观上决定了外空活动需要国家的控制与监督,由此外空许可制度应运而生.外空活动许可制度的法律依据体现在国际法和国内法两个层面.世界主要空间国家相继制定了国内空间立法,对外空活动许可证制度进行了相应的规定.因各国情况各有不同,在立法形式和具体内容上也不尽相同.但在这些千差万别的国内立法背后,有关外空活动许可制度仍存在一些共性的东西,集中体现在强调对国际义务的遵守,普遍重视安全保障措施,重视环境保护,将保险作为许可的前提几个方面.与世界主要空间国家相比,我国外空活动许可制度在调整范围、立法层次、具体内容等方面还存在一些差距.因此,我国应在借鉴世界主要国家空间立法的前提下,逐步扩大立法调整范围,提高立法层次,增加立法的可操作性,并加强许可的程序保证.
Abstract:The outer space activities are creative, strategic and highly risky, determining that these activities need control and supervision. This leads to the creation of the licensing system of outer space. The licensing system of outer space is subject to both international and national laws. Most space powers in the world have promulgated their domestic space law and provided corresponding regulations. Due to different circumstances of the countries, legislations are different to some extent. However, behind the differences, there are still some similarities. These similarities can be summarized as follows: compliance with international obligations, emphasis on security measures and environmental protection, and insurance requirement. Compared with these space powers in the world, the licensing system of China still needs to be improved in applicable scope, legislative levels and specific provisions. Therefore, China should learn from the legislations of other counties. To specify, China should expand the scope of its legislations, improve the levels of its legislations, increase the operability of its legislations and enhance the procedural guarantees of its licensing system of outer space.
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