The Interaction and Connection between EIA and Discharge Permit System—From the Perspective of Institutional Logic and Constructive Suggestions
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摘要:如何将环境影响评价与排污许可等环境治理工具进行互动与衔接是未来环境治理制度改革的关键。两种制度在现时的环境下都存在各自的问题及相应的变革路径。两种不同的变革路径却有着共同的价值需求，即环境影响评价与排污许可的衔接与互动。在衔接的过程中存在的最大的争议就是维持或简化环境影响评价审批，这种衔接思路的差异制造了两种截然相反的制度逻辑：一种以维持环评审批为核心，另一种以简化环评审批为核心。就中国目前的环境影响评价制度改革方向而言，简化环评审批似乎已是不可阻挡之潮流。是否应当以简化环评审批、强调排污许可为目标进行两种制度的衔接。简化环评审批并不等同于弱化环评制度；在环境影响评价与排污许可的衔接构造上，应当遵循的思路：在宏观上，以效益最大化统领全局；在具体操作上，秉持“在简化环境影响评价的大环境中，寻找强化的契机；以排污许可为核心的进程中，夯实衔接的构造”的理念。Abstract:How to interact and connect environmental impact assessment and environmental management tools such as pollutant discharge permits is the key to the future reform of environmental governance system. Both systems have their own problems and corresponding paths of change in the current environment. Two different paths of change have a common value requirement,namely the connection and interaction between environmental impact assessment and pollutant discharge permit. However,the biggest controversy in the process of convergence is to maintain or simplify the environmental impact assessment approval. This difference in the connection ideas creates two diametrically opposite institutional logics:one is to maintain environmental impact assessment approval as the core,and the other is to To simplify the review of environmental impact assessment as the core. As far as China's current environmental impact assessment system reform direction is concerned,simplifying environmental impact assessment approval seems to be an irresistible trend. However,whether the two systems should be connected with the goal of simplifying the environmental impact assessment approval and emphasizing the discharge permit,the article is opposed. For this reason,in the connection structure between environmental impact assessment and discharge permit,the idea should be followed:to maximize the overall benefit with macro-efficiency; in the specific operation,in the context of "simplifying environmental impact assessment,look for The opportunity of strengthening; the idea of consolidating the structure of convergence in the process of decentralizing permits.
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