环境技术、环境规制与全过程管理——来自“十五”与“十一五”的比较
Environmental Technology, Environmental Regulation and Whole Process Management—Evidence from Comparison between 10th and 11th FYP
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摘要:“十一五”起，中国提出要在生产领域推动由末端治理向源头和全过程控制转变。从全过程管理的角度入手，利用对数平均的迪氏分解法（LMDI）将工业粉尘排放强度降低分解为源头防治、过程控制和末端治理3个部分，检验从“十五”到“十一五”全过程管理实现与否。研究发现：从“十五”到“十一五”，中国开始从末端治理向全过程管理的转型，源头防治效果得到明显优化。实现全过程管理的地区从“十五”期间的8个增加至“十一五”期间的18个，而且有别于“十五”期间工业粉尘全过程管理效果主要源自环境技术转移的增加和环境执法力度的强化，“十一五”期间则主要归功于环境自主技术创新。因此，有必要大力推进环境技术的主导作用，进一步加快推动污染治理，从末端治理向全过程管理的转型。Abstract:Since the "11th Five-Year Plan(FYP)",Chinese government puts forward to promote the transformation from end governance to source and whole process management in the field of manufacturing industry. From the perspective of whole process management, the study divides industrial dust emission intensity into source prevention, process control and end treatment of three parts by the Logarithmic Mean Di's Decomposition method(LMDI),and examined the implementation effect of the whole process management from the 10th to the 11th FYP. The study found that, China is undergoing the transformation from end governance to whole process management from the 10th to the 11th FYP, and the areas that have implemented whole process management increased from 8 during the period of the 10th FYP to 18 during the 11th, whose effectiveness can be attributed to different reasons. Especially, the contribution of source prevention increased significantly. Unlike the 10th FYP period, the effectiveness of industrial dust whole process management is primarily attributable to the increase in environmental technology transfer and the strengthening of environmental law enforcement, its effectiveness in the 11th FYP period is mainly attributable to the implementation of the independent innovation of environmental technology. Therefore, it is necessary to play the leading role of environmental technology and promote the transformation of pollution control from end governance to whole process management.
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