摘要:通过对我国城市住宅能源消费情况的定量研究发现, 自1995-2010年, 我国城市住宅的能源消费量从1 936.72PJ上升至3 742.68PJ;能源结构也发生了较大变化:固体能源比重逐年降低, 从45.6%下降到9.8%, 电力和气体能源比重快速上升, 其中电力由10.7%上升到28.7%, 气体能源由3.9%上升到23.5%。构建城市住宅能源消费结构的数值分析模型, 对我国城市住宅能源消费结构及能源消费效率进行了研究, 在1995-2010年间, 我国城市住宅能源消费结构发生了较大变化, 1995年的能源消费结构中, 厨房·热水占66%, 采暖占26%, 制冷占1%, 照明占2%, 家用电器占6%;2010年的能源消费结构中, 厨房·热水占56%, 采暖占25%, 制冷占6%, 照明占3%, 家用电器占10%。1995-2010年, 我国城市住宅有效能源消费量大幅增长, 从878.64 PJ增至2 445.19 PJ, 住宅能源利用效率提高明显, 从45%上升至65%。
Abstract:The results of quantitative studies of China’s urban household energy consumption showed that China’s household energy consumption rose from 936.72PJ to 3 742.68PJ in 1995-2010, and the energy consumption structure has also undergone a great change: the proportion of solid energy decreased from 45.6% to 9.8%, the percentage of electricity and gas energy increased rapidly, the percentage of electricity rose from 10.7% to 28.7%, the percentage of gas energy rose from 3.9% to 23.5%. A numerical analysis model of urban household energy consumption structure was devolved to study China’s urban household energy consumption structure and energy consumption efficiency, and the results showed: during 1995 and 2010, China’s urban household energy consumption structure has changed, in the energy consumption structure in 1995, cooking & hot water supply took a proportion of 66%, space heating took a proportion of 25%, space cooling took a proportion of 1%, lighting took a proportion of 2%, and appliances accounted for 6%; in the energy consumption structure in 2010, cooking & hot water supply took a proportion of 56%, space heating took a proportion of 25%, space cooling took a proportion of 6%, lighting took a proportion of 3%, and appliances accounted for 10%. The effective energy consumption of China’s urban household sector increased from 874.64 PJ to 2 445.19PJ, and the energy consumption efficiency rose from 45% to 65% in 1995-2010.
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